基于PLUS-InVEST模型的福建省土地利用变化与碳储量评估

璩路路1李裕瑞2,3王介勇2,3

1.重庆大学公共管理学院，重庆400044；

2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室，北京100101；

3.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京100049

摘要：黄土丘陵沟壑区沟道农业是现代人地关系耦合发展的一种地域新类型，深入研究其生产特征及优化途径对于促进区域农业提质增效、推进乡村振兴和黄河流域高质量发展具有重要现实意义。以延安宝塔区作为典型案例，通过建立模糊量化有序加权平均的结构优化模型，模拟分析黄土高原沟道农业生产结构转型特征，研究提出沟道农业优化调控地域模式。研究表明：① 设置了维持现状型、经济优先型、可持续导向型和一季改两季型等四种沟道农业生产情景，不同地域类型及其不同发展导向决定着农地利用的多宜性和经营方式的多样性。② 不同类型区沟道农业发展演进成因及其机制存在明显差异，不同情景下沟道农业结构演变的特征与优化模式各异，农业规划、政策与技术因素对沟域尺度的沟道农业生产发展分异影响显著。③ 沟道农业的组织机制和技术创新，亟需着力解决三重关系、推进四种转变、实现四个优化，促进农业生产由广种薄收转向集约高效，农村经济由单一农业转向三产融合，进而实现沟道边坡植被改善、坝地种植结构优化、农业规模经营提高和乡城一体互动发展。

关键词：沟道农业生产；情景模拟；气候变化；优化模式；人地系统科学；黄土丘陵沟壑区

Peng Cheng ^a, Yongqin Fan ^a, Houtian Tang ^b, Ke Liu ^c, Shiman Wu ^a, Gaoli Zhu ^d, Ping Jiang ^e, Weili Guo ^f

a School of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, Hubei Province, China

b School of Public Affairs, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, China

c School of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China

d School of Public Administration, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China

e School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, China

f Guangxi Institute of Natural Resources Survey and Monitoring, Nanning, 530219, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

Abstract:

Based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases, this article analyzes the deductive context, cooperation network, and research hotspots of land development rights (LDR) research in the Chinese and international literature by using CiteSpace software, and it also explores the implications of this research for the theory and practice of national territory spatial planning (NTSP) in China. The results show that (1) the literature on LDR in Chinese and international journal articles initially appeared in 1995 and 1973, respectively, researches in China experienced three stages: embryonic fluctuating development, rapid growth and stable development, and wave development, while international researches experienced two stages: embryonic fluctuating and a gradually increasing development. (2) Among these scholars and research institutions, there is no obvious difference between Chinese and international scholars, while the Renmin University of China and the State University System of Florida are the research institutions with the largest number of Chinese and international journal articles, respectively. (3) In terms of publishing journals, international journals mainly focus on land policy, cities, and resource fields, while Chinese journals mainly focus on the agricultural economy, civil and commercial law, economic systems, and macroeconomic management fields. (4) The direction and scale of thematic research vary greatly, with Chinese research mainly conducted from the perspectives of rights attribution and benefits distribution, while international research mainly focuses on the operation of the right-to-development system and its impact on the environment. In the future, studies focus on China's need to strengthen the research and institutional practice of LDR at the legal level, value level, and extension level following national conditions, formulate a land value-added benefit distribution system with efficiency and fairness, and strengthen the practice of LDR in China's NTSP based on the differences between urban and rural development.

Keywords:

Land development rights; China's national territory spatial planning; Land value-added benefits; Hotspot research; Visual analysis; CiteSpace

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35227

Jieyong Wang ^a , Haonan Zhang ^{a b}, Yaqun Liu ^a, Yingwen Zhang ^c, Haitao Wang ^d

a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

b College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

c Capital City Environmental Construction Research Base, Beijing City University, Beijing 100083, China

d Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA

Abstract:

Impacted by large-scale and rapid rural industrialization in the past few decades, China's rural settlements are confronted with the risk of heavy metal pollution stemming from industrial production, which might pose a significant threat to the rural habitat and the well-beings. This study devised a relative risk model for industrial heavy metal pollution to the rural settlements based on the source-pathway-receptor risk theory. Using this model, we assessed the risk magnitudes of heavy metal pollution from industrial production at a 10 km × 10 km grid scale and identified the characteristics of the risk pattern in China. Our finding reveals: (1) the relative risk values of wastewater, waste gas and total heavy metal pollution are notably concentrated within a confined spectrum, with only a small number of units are characterized by high-risk level; (2) Approximately 21.57 % of China's rural settlements contend with heavy metal pollution, with 4.17 %, 9.84 % and 7.55 % being subjected to high, medium and low risks, respectively; (3) The high-risk units mainly is concentrated in the developed areas such as Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area, also dispersed in the plain areas with high rural population density. Guided by these insights, this study puts forth regionally tailored prevention and control strategies, as well as distinct process prevention and control strategies.

Keywords:

Heavy metal pollution; Rural settlements; Risk pattern; China

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175442

Linna Li, Jiayuan Cai, Wenfeng Chen

Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China

Abstract:

Transport development has often been regarded as a solution for increasing rural income. However, most existing studies focusing on the promotion effects of transport development on rural income fail to provide quantitative analysis of its influencing pathways. This study investigates the pathways linking county-level transport development to rural income in China. We first examined the spatial pattern of transport development, including density, proximity, and accessibility, in all Chinese counties from 2014 to 2019. Then, we analyzed both the association and influencing pathways between transport development and rural income using structural equation modeling (SEM). Finally, we compared the various effects and pathways among counties with different terrains, geographical locations, and poverty conditions through multigroup SEM analysis. The results suggest that transport development is associated with an increase in rural residents’ income primarily through the pathways of increasing nonfarm employment ratios, improving agricultural labor productivity efficiency, boosting urbanization rates, and enhancing access to basic public services. The most significant pathways through which transport development contributes to rural income growth in China are changes in nonfarm employment ratios and urbanization rates. The impact of transport development on rural incomes is more pronounced for counties in plain areas than counties in hilly and mountainous areas, more substantial in eastern counties than in central and western counties, and more pronounced in non-poverty-stricken counties than poverty-stricken ones. It is argued that transport alone cannot lead to significant rural revitalization in rural China; it must be accompanied by industrial development strategies.

Keywords:

Transport development; Nonfarm employment; Rural income; China; Structural equation modeling (SEM)

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100708